Is There a Substitute for Force in International Relations? International Conciliation: Special Bulletin New York: American Association for International Conciliation, 1916. 15 pages. Ⅰ The question "Is there a substitute for force in international relations" implies a serious ambiguity which, if not clearly understood at the outset, will greatly hamper our understanding of the real issue involved. Those who raise this question really mean by "force," not forcequaforce, but only the frequent and unrestrained resort to armed force for settlement of international disputes. But the way in which the question is put not only begs the question from a logical standpoint, but also seriously obscures the real meaning intended by the questioner. For the wording"a substitute for force" seems to sugg…