
那些最重要的科学新发现
作品简介
“世界上最聪明的网站”Edge,每年一次,让全球众多伟大的头脑坐在同一张桌子旁,共同解答关乎人类命运的同一个大问题,开启一场智识的探险,一次思想的旅行!
你认为当前最重要的科学新发现是什么?在这本引人入胜的书中,Edge创始人约翰·布罗克曼携手哲学家与心理学家史蒂芬·平克、天体物理学家李·斯莫林;宇宙学家保罗·戴维斯;社会学家尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯;教育学家霍华德·加德纳;未来学家凯文·凯利;基因编辑先驱乔治·丘奇,以及艺术家、发明家、企业家等多个领域的186位思想家,给你带来一场拓展科学思维的大思考。
186位来自不同领域的思想家提出了186个应该广为人知的科学新概念,涉及哲学、心理学、物理学、天文学、艺术、生物学、神经科学、语言学等多个学科,带给你一场脑力的激荡。
约翰·布罗克曼,美国知名的文化推动者、出版人,“第三种文化”领军人。“世界上最聪明的网站”(《卫报》赞誉)Edge的创始人。他旗下汇集了一大批世界顶尖的科学家和思想家,每年就同一话题进行跨学科讨论。
作品目录
各方赞誉
总序
测一测 你对科学新发现的了解有多少?(单选题)
WHAT DO YOU CONCIDER THE MOST INTERESTING RECENT SCIENTIFIC NEWS? WHAT MAKES IT IMPORTANT?Edge年度问题:你认为当前最重要的科学新发现是什么
01 HUMAN PROGRESS QUANTIFIED量化人类所取得的进步
02 DOING MORE WITH LESS事半功倍
03 THE “SPECIALNESS” OF HUMANITY人类的“独一无二”
04 2015 REVIEW OF GLOBAL ECOLOGY2015年全球生态评估报告
05 LEAKING, THINNING, SLIDING ICE开裂、变薄、流动的冰川
06 GLACIERS冰川
07 OUR COLLECTIVE BLIND SPOT我们共同的盲点
08 THREE DE-CARBONIZING SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS脱碳化的三个科学突破
09 JUICE电流
10 A CALL TO ACTION行动号召
11 A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE 21ST AND 22ND CENTURY21世纪与22世纪之间的桥梁
12 TECHNOBIOPHILIC CITIES技术生态城市
13 LENR COULD SUPPLANT FOSSIL FUELS低能核反应可以替代化石燃料
14 EMOTIONS INFLUENCE ENVIRONMENTAL WELL-BEING情绪影响环境
15 GLOBAL WARMING REDUX: A SERIOUS CHALLENGE TO OUR SPECIES全球变暖再度来袭:人类面临严峻考验
16 BLUE MARBLE 2.0蓝色星球2.0
17 HIGH-TECH STONE AGE高科技石器时代
18 THE DEMATERIALIZATION OF CONSUMPTION消费的去物质化
19 SCIENCE MADE THIS POSSIBLE科学让梦想成真
20 THE BRAIN IS A STRANGE PLANET大脑是一颗神奇的星球
21 THE ABDICATION OF SPACETIME放弃时空
22 THE NEWS THAT WASN'T THERE还未发现的新闻
23 NO NEWS IS ASTOUNDING NEWS没有什么大新闻
24 ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF FAILURE一百年的失败
25 HOPE BEYOND THE HIGGS BOSON希格斯玻色子之后的希望
26 AN UNEXPECTED, HAUNTING SIGNAL出乎意料而又令人难忘的信号
27 NEWS ABOUT HOW THE PHYSICAL WORLD OPERATES关于物理世界如何运转的新闻
28 UNPUBLICIZED IMPLICATIONS OF HAWKING BLACK-HOLE EVAPORATION黑洞蒸发理论的深层含义
29 THE ENERGY OF NOTHING真空的能量
30 THE BIG BANG CANNOT BE WHAT WE THOUGHT IT WAS宇宙大爆炸不是我们原来想象的那样
31 ANOMALIES异常
32 LOOKING WHERE THE LIGHT ISN'T眺望光到不了的地方
33 SIMPLICITY简单
34 THE LHC IS WORKING AT FULL ENERGY大型强子对撞机正以全功率运行
35 NEW PROBES OF EINSTEIN'S CURVED SPACETIME—AND BEYOND打开爱因斯坦扭曲时空的新钥匙
36 SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES超级黑洞
37 GIGANTIC BLACK HOLES AT THE CENTER OF GALAXIES星系中央的超级黑洞
38 THE UNIVERSE IS INFINITE无限的宇宙
39 ADVANCED LIGO AND ADVANCED VIRGO升级版LIGO和升级版VIRGO
40 THE NEWS IS NOT THE NEWS新闻并不是真正的新闻
41 WE KNOW ALL THE PARTICLES AND FORCES WE'RE MADE OF我们已经知道组成人类的所有粒子和力
42 COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND THE NATURE OF REALITY计算复杂性与现实的本质
43 EINSTEIN WAS WRONG爱因斯坦错了
44 REPLACING MAGIC WITH MECHANISM?量子力学取代魔术?
45 QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT IS INDEPENDENT OF SPACE AND TIME独立于时空的量子纠缠
46 BREAKTHROUGHS BECOME PART OF THE CULTURE突破成为文化的一部分
47 SPACE EXPLORATION, NEW AND OLD太空探索的过去与现在
48 PLUTO IS A BUMP IN THE ROAD太空探索中的小坎:冥王星
49 PLUTO NOW, THEN ON TO 550 AU已抵达冥王星,目标是550天文单位的远方
50 THE UNIVERSE SURPRISED US, CLOSE TO HOME宇宙带给我们离家不远的惊喜
51 PROGRESS IN ROCKETRY火箭技术的最新进展
52 THE SPACE AGE TAKES OFF … AND RETURNS TO EARTH AGAIN太空时代重回发射-返回模式
53 HOW WIDELY SHOULD WE DRAW THE CIRCLE探索该在哪里止步
54 A NEW ALGORITHM SHOWING WHAT COMPUTERS CAN AND CANNOT DO体现计算机能力的新算法
55 DESIGNER HUMANS定制人体
56 CELLULAR ALCHEMY细胞炼金术
57 A TERRIBLE BEAUTY HAS BEEN BORN潘多拉的盒子已经被打开
58 DNA PROGRAMMING基因编辑
59 HUMAN CHIMERAS人类嵌合体
60 THE RACE BETWEEN GENETIC MELTDOWN AND GERMLINE ENGINEERING基因崩溃与生殖系工程之间的比赛
61 THE ONGOING BATTLES WITH PATHOGENS与病原体的持续斗争
62 ANTIBIOTICS ARE DEAD; LONG LIVE ANTIBIOTICS抗生素已死;抗生素万岁
63 THE 6 BILLION LETTERS OF OUR GENOME人类基因组的60 亿个字母
64 SYSTEMS MEDICINE系统医学
65 GROWING A BRAIN IN A DISH在培养皿中培育大脑
66 SELF-DRIVING GENES ARE COMING自我驱动基因来临
67 LIFE DIVERGING生命的岔路口
68 FUNDAMENTALLY NEWSWORTHY最具报道价值的新闻
69 PALEO-DNA AND DE-EXTINCTION古DNA与复活灭绝动物
70 THE WISDOM RACE IS HEATING UP智慧竞赛正在升温
71 TABBY’S STAR塔比星
72 EXTRATERRESTRIALS DON’T LAND ON EARTH!外星人不会降临地球
73 WE ARE NOT UNIQUE, BUT WE ARE VERY MUCH ALONE人类并不是唯一,但很孤单
74 BREAKTHROUGH LISTEN突破聆听计划
75 LIFE IN THE MILKY WAY银河系中的生命
76 THERE IS(ALREADY)LIFE ON MARS火星上存在生命
77 THE BREATHTAKING FUTURE OF A CONNECTED WORLD互联世界的惊人未来
78 EVERYTHING IS COMPUTATION万物皆计算
79 IDENTIFYING THE PRINCIPLES, PERHAPS THE LAWS, OF INTELLIGENCE为智慧确定原则,甚至规律
80 NEURO-NEWS关于神经科学领域的重大新闻
81 MICROBIAL ATTRACTIONS细菌的影响力
82 THE EPIDEMIC OF ABSENCE缺乏所导致的传染病
83 BUGS R US细菌反斗城
84 FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTS粪便微生物移植
85 HI, GUYS嗨,伙计们
86 THE AGE OF AWARENESS意识时代
87 A LARGE-SCALE PERSONALITY RESEARCH METHOD大规模个性研究方法
88 BIG DATA AND BETTER GOVERNMENT大数据与更好的政府
89 THIS IS THE SCIENCE-NEWS ESSAY YOU WANT TO READ这是一条合你胃口的科学新闻
90 THOSE ANNOYING ADS? THE HARBINGER OF GOOD THINGS TO COME那些烦人的广告?预示着美好未来的到来
91 BIOLOGY VERSUS CHOICE生物学与选择
92 HOW TO BE BAD TOGETHER如何一起变坏
93 PSYCHOLOGY’S CRISIS心理学领域面临的危机
94 THE TRUTHINESS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH科学研究的真相
95 BLINDED BY DATA被数据蒙蔽的双眼
96 THE EPISTEMIC TRAINWRECK OF SOFT-SIDE PSYCHOLOGY来自软心理学的认知崩溃
97 SCIENCE ITSELF科学本身
98 A COMPELLING EXPLANATION FOR SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT科学不端行为日益严重的原因
99 SUB-PRIME SCIENCE次级科学
100 THE INFANCY OF META-SCIENCE元科学的萌芽
101 THE AGE OF VISIBLE THOUGHT可视化思维时代
102 OUR CHANGING CONCEPTIONS OF WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HUMAN人之所以为人的含义变迁
103 COMPLETE HEAD TRANSPLANTS完整的头颅移植
104 THE EN-GENDERING OF GENIUS天才的性别
105 DIVERSITY IN SCIENCE科学的多样性
106 THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF SCIENCE科学的民主化
107 NEWS ABOUT SCIENCE NEWS关于科学新闻的新闻
108 THE BROADENING SCOPE OF SCIENCE科学的范围正在不断扩大
109 Q-BIO定量生物学
110 MATHEMATICS AND REALITY数学与现实
111 SYNTHETIC LEARNING人造学习
112 A GENUINE SCIENCE OF LEARNING关于学习的真正科学
113 BAYESIAN PROGRAM LEARNING贝叶斯程序学习
114 FSM(FECES-STANDARD MONEY)粪便标准货币
115 THE IRONIES OF HIGHER ARITHMETIC高等算术的讽刺
116 BROKE PEOPLE IGNORING $2 0 BILLS ON THE SIDEWALK破产的人看不上人行道上的2 0 美元钞票
117 WE FEAR THE WRONG THINGS我们怕错了事情
118 THE HEALTHY DIET U-TURN健康饮食的转变
119 FATTY FOODS ARE GOOD FOR YOUR HEALTH含脂食物对健康有益
120 COGNITIVE SCIENCE TRANSFORMS MORAL PHILOSOPHY认知科学改变道德哲学
121 MORALITY IS MADE OF MEAT道德来源于肉体
122 PEOPLE KILL BECAUSE IT’S THE RIGHT THING TO DO人们制造暴力,因为这是正确的做法
123 INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCH跨学科社会研究
124 INTELLECTUAL CONVERGENCE知识融合
125 WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY POWERED HUMAN EVOLUTION武器技术推动了人类的进化
126 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: A GRAND UNIFYING THEORY FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH免疫系统:生物医学研究的大一统理论
127 HARNESSING OUR NATURAL DEFENSES AGAINST CANCER利用我们的天然防御抵御癌症
128 CANCER DRUGS FOR BRAIN DISEASES对大脑疾病有效的抗癌药物
129 THE MOST POWERFUL CARCINOGEN MAY BE ENTROPY最强大的致癌物可能是熵
130 THE DECLINE OF CANCER癌症的衰落
131 THE MATING CRISIS AMONG EDUCATED WOMEN受过良好教育的女性面临性爱危机
132 THE MOST IMPORTANT X . . . Y . . . Z . . .最重要的因素
133 THE MOTHER OF ALL ADDICTIONS所有成瘾之母
134 THE TRUST METRIC信任的尺度
135 OPTOGENETICS光遗传学
136 THE STATE OF BRAIN SCIENCE脑科学的现状
137 NOOTROPIC NEURAL NEWS提高智商的神经学新闻
138 MEMORY IS A LABILE FABRICATION记忆是不稳定的虚构
139 THE CONTINUALLY NEW YOU不断进步的我们
140 TODDLERS CAN MASTER COMPUTERS幼儿能掌握电脑
141 THE PREDICTIVE BRAIN会预测的大脑
142 A NEW IMAGING TOOL新的成像工具
143 SENSORS: ACCELERATING THE PACE OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY传感器:加速科学探索的步伐
144 3 D PRINTING IN THE MEDICAL FIELD医学领域的3 D打印
145 DEEP SCIENCE深层次科学
146 PROGRAMMING REALITY设计现实
147 POINTING IS A PREREQUISITE FOR LANGUAGE指向手势催生了语言
148 MACRO-CRIMINAL NETWORKS宏观犯罪网络
149 VIRTUAL REALITY GOES MAINSTREAM虚拟现实成为主流
150 THE TWIN TIDES OF CHANGE变化的两种趋势
151 IMAGING DEEP LEARNING将深度学习成像
152 THE NEURAL NET RELOADED人工神经网络技术重获新生
153 DIFFERENTIABLE PROGRAMMING可微编程
154 DEEP LEARNING, SEMANTICS, AND SOCIETY深度学习、语义学与社会
155 SEEING OUR CYBORG SELVES半机械人的我们
156 THE REJECTION OF SCIENCE ITSELF反科学
157 RE-THINKING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE重新审视人工智能
158 I, FOR ONE我,其中之一
159 DATA SETS OVER ALGORITHMS数据集比算法更重要
160 BIOLOGICAL MODELS OF MENTAL ILLNESS REFLECT ESSENTIALIST BIASES精神疾病的生物学模型反映了本质主义的偏见
161 NEUROPREDICTION神经网络预测技术
162 THE THIN LINE BETWEEN MENTAL ILLNESS AND MENTAL HEALTH精神疾病与心理健康之间的小界线
163 THEODIVERSITY宗教信仰的多样性
164 A SCIENCE OF THE CONSEQUENCES关于结果的科学
165 INTERCONNECTEDNESS互联性
166 EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY AND COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES生命早期面临的困境及其对集体的影响
167 WE’RE STILL BEHIND我们仍然很落后
168 NEURAL HACKING, HANDPRINTS, AND THE EMPATHY DEFICIT神经网络攻击,手印以及同情心的缺失
169 SEND IN THE DRONES放飞无人机
170 THAT DRESS是蓝黑色还是白金色
171 ANTHROPIC CAPITALISM AND THE NEW GIMMICK ECONOMY人为资本主义与噱头经济
172 THE ORIGIN OF EUROPEANS欧洲人的起源
173 THE PLATINUM RULE: DENSE, HEAVY, BUT WORTH IT白金法则:很难遵守,但值得
174 ADJUSTING TO FEATHERED DINOSAURS适应长有羽毛的恐龙
175 PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS人类也是动物
176 THE LONGEVITY OF NEWS新闻的时效性
177 WEATHER PREDICTION HAS QUIETLY GOTTEN BETTER天气预报的准确度越来越高
178 THE WORD: FIRST AS ART, THEN AS SCIENCE语言:始于艺术,归于科学
179 THE CONVERGENCE OF IMAGES AND TECHNOLOGY图像和技术的融合
180 THE MINDFUL MEETING OF MINDS思想的有效交融
181 CARPE DIEM把握当下
182 LINKING THE LEVELS OF HUMAN VARIATION在人类变化的水平之间建立联系
183 CHALLENGING THE VALUE OF A UNIVERSITY EDUCATION挑战大学教育的价值
184 THE HERMENEUTIC HYPERCYCLE解释学超循环
185 RETHINKING AUTHORITY WITH THE BLOCKCHAIN CRYPTO ENLIGHTENMENT透过区块链加密技术重新审视权威性
186 ENVOI: WE MAY ALL DIE HORRIBLY结尾:我们可能都会悲惨地死去
致谢