The Prince(君主论)
作品简介
The Prince is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (About Principalities). However, the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was done with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of the Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings".
Although it was written as if it were a traditional work in the mirrors for princes style, it is generally agreed that it was especially innovative. This is only partly because it was written in the vernacular Italian rather than Latin, a practice which had become increasingly popular since the publication of Dante's Divine Comedy and other works of Renaissance literature.
This is a public domain book converted by anonymous volunteers and you may find it for free on the web.This work is respectfully inscribed by the author.
尼科洛·马基雅维里(Niccolò Machiavelli 1469—1527)是意大利佛罗伦萨的政冶家、外交家;同时是一位思想家——政治思想家。马克思曾经肯定马基雅维里及其后一些近代思想家在国家观上摆脱神学的束缚说,他们“已经用人的眼光来观察国家了,他们都是从理性和经验中而不是从神学中引出国家的自然规律;”并且又一次指出马基雅维里及其后的一些近代思想家使政治研究独立于道德,他说:“从近代马基雅维里……以及近代的其他许多思想家谈起,权力都是作为法的基础的,由此,政治的理论观念摆脱了道德,所剩下的是独立地研究政冶的主张,其他没有别的了。”马基雅维里是第一个使政治学独立,同伦理家彻底分家的人,有“资产阶级政治学奠基人”之称,并且是历史家、军事著作者、诗人和剧作家。在所有这些方面都有其传世的著作,包括《君主论》、《论提图斯·李维著〔罗马史〕前十卷》三卷(下称《李维史论》)、《佛罗伦萨史》八卷、《兵法》(直译:《战争的艺术》)七卷、《曼陀罗华》(喜剧),还有其他剧本、诗、文以及大量的关于出使各国的情况报告和通讯等等。
作品目录
CHAPTER I — HOW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY ARE ACQUIRED
CHAPTER II — CONCERNING HEREDITARY PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER III — CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER IV — WHY THE KINGDOM OF DARIUS, CONQUERED BY ALEXANDER, DID NOT REBEL AGAINST THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER AT HIS DEATH
CHAPTER V — CONCERNING THE WAY TO GOVERN CITIES OR PRINCIPALITIES WHICH LIVED UNDER THEIR OWN LAWS BEFORE THEY WERE ANNEXED
CHAPTER VI — CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED BY ONE'S OWN ARMS AND ABILITY
CHAPTER VII — CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED EITHER BY THE ARMS OF OTHERS OR BY GOOD FORTUNE
CHAPTER VIII — CONCERNING THOSE WHO HAVE OBTAINED A PRINCIPALITY BY WICKEDNESS
CHAPTER IX — CONCERNING A CIVIL PRINCIPALITY
CHAPTER X — CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH THE STRENGTH OF ALL PRINCIPALITIES OUGHT TO BE MEASURED
CHAPTER XI — CONCERNING ECCLESIASTICAL PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER XII — HOW MANY KINDS OF SOLDIERY THERE ARE, AND CONCERNING MERCENARIES
CHAPTER XIII — CONCERNING AUXILIARIES, MIXED SOLDIERY, AND ONE'S OWN
CHAPTER XIV — THAT WHICH CONCERNS A PRINCE ON THE SUBJECT OF THE ART OF WAR
CHAPTER XV — CONCERNING THINGS FOR WHICH MEN, AND ESPECIALLY PRINCES, ARE PRAISED OR BLAMED
CHAPTER XVI — CONCERNING LIBERALITY AND MEANNESS
CHAPTER XVII — CONCERNING CRUELTY AND CLEMENCY, AND WHETHER IT IS BETTER TO BE LOVED THAN FEARED
CHAPTER XVIII — CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH PRINCES SHOULD KEEP FAITH
CHAPTER XIX — THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
CHAPTER XX — ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT, ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
CHAPTER XXI — HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SO AS TO GAIN RENOWN
CHAPTER XXII — CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES
CHAPTER XXIII — HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
CHAPTER XXIV — WHY THE PRINCES OF ITALY HAVE LOST THEIR STATES
CHAPTER XXV — WHAT FORTUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
CHAPTER XXVI — AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI OF LUCCA